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Flash Cards
For homework students will be expected to make flash cards for each word that they keep and study in order to learn the vocabulary words for each quarter. On the front of the flash cards students should write their name or initials and the vocabulary word. On the back of the flash card they should put the definition, the different parts of speech for the word, and a sentence that uses the word correctly for each part of speech. An example of the flash cards can be seen below. It is important that students write their own sentence for each word instead of just copying down the sentences that the teacher uses. Writing original sentences gives students an opportunity to check their understanding of the weekly vocabulary words and allows them to ask the teacher to clarify the meaning or how to use any of the words in a sentence. Students can earn extra credit for their flash cards if they draw a picture on the front of their flash card depicting the meaning of the vocabulary word. Extra credit will only be received if there are pictures on every flash card for the week. Drawing pictures on the front of the flash cards is a way for students to visualize the meaning of the words and it helps with them with recalling information for the quizzes and tests.
Students should keep all of their flash cards so that they can study for the cumulative vocabulary test at the end of the quarter. Students need to keep all of their flash cards each week, because flash cards from the prior weeks will be checked each week. Flash cards will be checked in the middle of each week to make sure that they have been made and to make sure that students can use the words correctly in a sentence. If a student doesn't have their flash cards complete on the day that are checked, they will not receive credit for that set of flash cards. It is imperative that students have flash cards finished on time and are studying them throughout the week.
Example:
Extra Credit and Image Recognition
Try drawing pictures on the front of your flash cards that depict the meaning of the words. This could be a helpful way to remember the definitions for your vocabulary words.
Studying Vocabulary Words - Remembering what they mean and how to use them
Parts of Speech
In the English language, words can be considered as the smallest elements that have distinctive meanings. Based on their use and functions, words are categorized into several types or parts of speech. Here are the four categories that your vocabulary words can fall under. However, they are not the only parts of speech. Each vocabulary word is color coordinated to make it easier to visualize and determine its part of speech.
Nouns - a person, place, thing - an idea, concept, characteristic, or quality - most of the nouns we'll have will be ideas or characteristics.
Frank's determination and his work ethic allowed him to get a raise.
Verbs - expressing an action
Timmy functioned well in pressure situations.
Words that Modify: adjectives and adverbs modify or say something about other words. Each sentence with an adjective or an adverb has another highlighted word, showing the word that is being described or modified.
Adjectives - describe or modify a noun or pronoun
Bob's parents thought that Bob was too scrawny to play football.
Adverbs - describe or modify a verb (describes how an action is being done) or adjective
Sally spoke gently to her her brother after his dog died.
Bob's answer to the question was amazingly magnificent.
Vocabulary Sentences and Parts of Speech
A big part of learning new vocabulary words is knowing the purpose of a word and how to use a word correctly. Understanding a word deals with a word’s part of speech or how a word is used in a sentence. Therefore, students should write a sentence for each part of speech listed in the notes. Each week the sentences on the back of the flash cards will be checked for comprehension and understanding of the weekly vocabulary words. Students will not receive credit for their flash cards if they do not write a sentence for each part of speech listed in the notes.
Suffixes
A suffix is a meaningful unit of letters attached to the end of a word. Suffixes have the power to change the meaning or even grammatical function of a word. Knowing the meaning behind suffixes can help you identify what part of speech the word is. For more information about suffixes and their importance please visit the following site: https://www.sophiacommon.org/tutorials/-suffixes-and-their-meanings
1st Quarter Vocabulary Words
Vocab 1
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-s, -ies - plural nouns -
Suffixes can show plurals by adding –s or –ies to the end of a noun:
- vine + s = vines
- family + ies = families
- https://www.sophiacommon.org/tutorials/-suffixes-and-their-meanings
-ly - adverb - (in the manner of) - carefully, quickly
1. Elaborate – verb – adding details to something or having details in order to expand ideas and develop to perfection - Verb tenses: elaborate, elaborated, elaborates, elaborating - Synonyms: expand, clarify, develop -
Frank elaborated on his example so that his point was clearer. Don needed to elaborate on his story so that his message was easy to understand.
Elaborate – adjective – Timmy’s story was not very elaborate because he didn’t use very many details. Fran drew a very elaborate picture with a lot of intricate details.
2. Distort – verb – to make false or misleading – Verb tenses: distort, distorts, distorted, distorting -
Synonyms: deform, falsify, alter, deceive -
Frank distorted his teacher’s message so that his mom couldn’t figure out that he had homework. Bob will distort the facts so that they fit his argument.
Distorted - adjective - Frank's view was biased and distorted, it wasn't consistent with the facts. Timmy had a distorted outlook on the world because he refused to see things as they really were.
Distortion – noun – The music’s distortion made the song hard to understand. There was too much distortion with the picture, it was difficult to figure out what it was.
3. Relevance – noun – important to the matter at hand; significant to the point - Synonyms: pertinent, applicable, importance - The example didn’t have any relevance to Timmy’s point and therefore didn’t make any sense. Bob's speech about basketball had no relevance to Socrates.
Relevant – adjective - The boy’s question was not relevant to the class so the teacher refused to answer it. Frank looked for relevant facts that would support his point of view.
4. Clarity – noun – to be clear; easily understood - Synonyms: accuracy, certainty, precision -
The story lacked clarity because it was not very specific and didn’t have very many examples. Timmy's essay had a lot of clarity because he used examples that were easy to understand.
Clear - adjective - Frank's message was very clear because he used relevant details to support his point. Bob's painting was nice and clear because it was so detailed.
5. Objective – adjective – not influenced by personal feelings; unbiased - Synonyms: impartial, fair,unprejudiced
The teacher was objective and graded the student’s work based on the work itself not on how the student acted. Frank tried to keep an objective outlook while judging his friend's competition.
6. Evaluate – verb – determine the significance of something - Verb tenses: evaluate, evaluates, evaluated, evaluating - Synonyms: assess, judge, examine -
Frank’s mother evaluated his homework and decided that he needed to spend more time on it. Don had to evaluate the report to figure out if they should take on the client.
Evaluation - noun - Bob's evaluation showed that the company was losing money each month. Frank had to write an evaluation for his partner's essay.
Vocab 2
Suffixes: the end part of a word
Some suffixes indicate verb tense. These are the most common and recognizable suffixes because everyone uses them all the time.
- –s, –es = present tense: She does what she likes!
- –ed = past tense: I lived here! I needed to paint
- –en = used with past participle and perfect tenses (appears with forms of the verbs “will” and “have”):
- I will have eaten by then. Where have those bats been?
- –ing = progressive tense (appears with forms of the verb “be”): I’m living here!
https://www.sophiacommon.org/tutorials/-suffixes-and-their-meanings
1. Infer - verb - to derive by reasoning; to conclude from evidence - Verb tenses: infer, infers, inferred, inferring - Synonyms: conclude, assume, guess -
Timmy inferred that his teacher was in a bad mood because of the tone of his voice. Frank couldn't infer about the character because the author didn't provide enough information about him.
Inference – noun - Timmy made an inference that his girlfriend was lying because she acted funny when he asked her where she was after school. The boy's inference about the class was based on what his friends had told him.
2. Analyze – verb – to examine carefully and in detail so as to identify causes, key factors, or possible results -
Verb tenses: analyze, analyzes, analyzed, analyzing - Synonyms: examine, determine, evaluate -
The teacher had to analyze the sentence to figure out what exactly the student was trying to say. The doctor analyzed Bob's results to figure out how he could help him.
Analysis – noun - Frank wrote an analysis describing how the scientists completed their project. Frank's analysis explained how the over populated cities were affecting the pollution problem.
3. Motive – noun – something that causes a person to act in a certain way – Synonyms: reason, purpose, aim -
The teacher had trouble figuring out Timmy’s motive for his destructive behavior. The lawyer wanted to show the jury what the killer's motive was for killing the girl.
Motivation – noun - Jim had to find motivation in order to get his work done. Often times we need to figure out what our motivation is in order to become successful.
4. Assumption – noun – an unproven thought or claim about something - Synonyms: guess, hunch, theory -
Timmy had an assumption that his girlfriend had not told him the entire story, but he had no proof. Bob had an assumption that practice was canceled, but he didnt' know.
Assume – verb - Verb tenses - assume, assumes, assumed, assuming - Anna assumed that her parents wouldn’t mind if she stayed at Sarah’s house, but she didn’t know for sure. Frank always assumes his mom is going to pick him up after school even though she doesn't always tell him so.
Vocab Poem Example:
Poems must be at least 10 lines. Stories must be at least 10 sentences.
Experiment
This flow is an experiment of the ages
we are going to analyze a point of view in different stages.
First we’ll start with the assumption of processed consumption
or how we eat enough to create an eruption.
Our inference is based on the data we find
that shows how we have the need to buy all the time.
Some people would argue that this point has no relevance
but one must look for the motive in order to figure out the consequences.
So if you eat more than you can carry
don't be mad if you end up fat and merry.
Vocab 3
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ate - verb - (to make; to do) - fascinate, concentrate
- - noun - (to be) - doctorate, sulphate
- - adjective - (having appearance) - passionate, affectionate
-ant,-ent - adjective - (one who is, that which is) - extant, inconsistent
1. Moderate – adjective – temperate or mild; not excessive or extreme - Synonyms: balanced, modest -
Bob has a moderate personality, he is not outspoken. Frank was moderate when it came to sweets, he didn’t like to eat too much.
Moderately – adverb - Frank drives moderately, he doesn't go over the speed limit. Timmy moderately drank his soda, he didn’t want to drink too much.
Moderation – noun - Bob's moderation was the key to his success, because he was able was able to use his time wisely. Jim showed moderation when it came to playing video games, he didn’t over do it.
2. Prudent - adjective – wise in handling practical matters; exercising good judgment or common sense - Synonyms: careful, cautious, wise -
Frank was a prudent boy who knew when it was time to stop messing around. Bob made prudent decisions when it came to hanging out with his friends.
Prudently – adverb - Timmy behaved prudently in class so that he wouldn’t get in trouble. John spoke prudently around his friend's parents.
Prudence - noun - Sarah showed prudence when she decided to stay home and study for the big test. Sam’s prudence gave him a good reputation with his friend’s parents.
3. Depravity - noun – the state or an instance of moral corruption - Synonyms: corruption, immorality
The city's depravity was caused by the rising drug problem. Frank’s mom wouldn’t let him watch the movie because of all of the depravity.
Deprave – verb – Verb tenses - deprave, depraved, depraves, depraving - to morally corrupt -
Timmy’s brother depraved him with all of his bad habits. Violent video games numb kid's senses and deprave their outlook on life.
Depraved – adjective - Jim’s parents thought that his friends were too depraved to hang out with. Sally made some terribly depraved comments about Sarah on Facebook.
4. Disparage - verb - to speak of in a disrespectful way; to belittle; to reduce in esteem or rank. Verb tenses: disparage, disparages, disparaged, disparaging - Synonyms: belittle, criticize, degrade -
Frank disparaged his little brother when he called him names. Kids have a tendency to disparage and say bad things about peers on the internet because there are not always held accountable.
Disparagement - noun - Bob didn't like all of the disparagement he received on Facebook so he canceled his account. Timmy’s disparagement of the team caused him to sit the bench.
Disparaging – adjective - Jim’s disparaging comments about Tina were hurtful. Bob drew a disparaging picture of his brother that was humiliating.
Vocab Poem Example:
Poems must be at least 10 lines. Stories must be at least 10 sentences.
Unscrupulous
I don’t mean to disparage you but you better be prudent
you know your effort is futile, there is just nothing to it.
You should infer about my depravity, in fact I am quite unscrupulous
you better watch what you say because I will make your life very tremulous.
Your assumption is wrong if you think that I am moderate
you might want to recheck your analysis to get to the bottom of it.
You might want to watch what you say and speak in moderation
because the things I will do will cause a sensation.
And if you think I am joking you can go ahead and try it
but you might find yourself in one wild riot.
Vocab 4
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-er, -est - adjectives -
Suffixes can be used to show comparisons (comparative and superlative):
- Comparative Suffix: –er
- Taller = tall (adjective) + –er
- Superlative Suffix: –est
- Tallest = tall (adjective) + –est
- https://www.sophiacommon.org/tutorials/-suffixes-and-their-meanings
ity, ty - nouns - (state or quality of being) - quality, civility, necessity
- Taller = tall (adjective) + –er
- Tallest = tall (adjective) + –est
1. Culpable - adjective - Deserving of blame or judgment as being wrong, evil, or improper - Synonyms: guilty, liable
Frank was found culpable in the accident because he was texting while he was driving. All of the evidence showed that Bob was culpable of the crime, so he was punished.
Culpably - adverb - Timmy behaved culpably in the principal’s office because he had been caught red handed. Frank stuttered culpably as his mom asked him questions.
Culpability - noun - Socrates didn’t show any culpability because he didn’t believe that he had done anything wrong. The man's culpability was clearly shown through the lawyer's argument about how he committed the crime.
2. Denounce - verb – to condemn openly as being evil or reprehensible. To accuse formally; to criticize
Verb tenses - denounce, denounced, denouncing, denounces - Synonyms: condemn, accuse, blame -
Timmy denounced his girlfriend in front of the entire cafeteria when he caught her flirting with Frank. Protesters openly denounce businesses in their parking lot in order to get across their point.
3. Futile - adjective – having no useful result; pointless; unimportant; trifling - Synonyms: useless, ineffective -
Frank’s effort in the wrestling match was futile. Bob's attempt to fix his relationship was futile, because his girlfriend left him.
Futilely – adverb - Timmy futilely apologized to Sarah for making a scene in the cafeteria, but she didn’t want to talk to him. The slow defensive player futilely chased the fast running back.
Futility – noun - The teacher talked about the futility of doing work without actually understanding why you were doing it. Bob saw the futility of the fight and decided to stay out of it.
4. Foreboding – noun – a sense of impending evil or misfortune; a feeling that something bad is going to happen - Synonyms: dread, apprehension, misgiving - He has a strange foreboding that he will die young. Bob's foreboding about the car crash scared Tom.
Foreboding - adjective - Timmy saw the foreboding shadow from around the corner. The foreboding image in the window scared Frank.
Forebodingly - adverb - Frank spoke forebodingly as if he knew something bad was coming. The dogged barked forebodingly as it approached the dark woods.
Vocab Poem Example:
Poems must be at least 10 lines. Stories must be at least 10 sentences.
Socrates
The adults of Athens think that I am culpable of something vile.
They denounce what I stand for and make threats that are quite futile.
However, I refuse to sell myself out just to settle their score.
They want me to stop asking questions and expect me to be a bore
They think that I am despondent and that I will give up my fight,
but I will stand tall and give up my life for what I know is right.
I have a terrible foreboding about the measures they might take
but I am willing to go the distance for a cause that I feel is great.
The people of Athens want moderation;
they don’t like those that step out of line.
But their disparaging comments won’t change me;
my teachings will stand the test of time.
MORE FLASH CARD EXAMPLES!
Vocab 5
Suffixes: the end part of a word
Suffixes can often change a word’s function from one part of speech to another, as well as indicate the part of speech.
-sion, -tion - nouns - take the verbs Act, Complete, and Persuade- To create the noun form, or make these words function as nouns in a sentence, we only need to add the –sion/ -tion suffixes to the end of the words: acTION, compleTION, persuaSION, invaSION.
https://www.sophiacommon.org/tutorials/-suffixes-and-their-meanings
-ious - adjective - (full of) - copious, auspicious
- To create the noun form, or make these words function as nouns in a sentence, we only need to add the –sion/ -tion suffixes to the end of the words: acTION, compleTION, persuaSION, invaSION.
1. Auspicious - adjective – favorable; success in the future, promising or of good omen -
Synonyms: encouraging, advantageous - Frank saw his interaction with Timmy as an auspicious moment to fix their friendship. Bob viewed the sunny day as an auspicious sign that he was going to have a good day.
Auspiciously - adverb - Jane’s teacher spoke auspiciously of Jane to her parents about her good grades. The crowed cheered auspiciously as the winning run came to the plate.
Auspiciousness – noun - The theme of the poem had to do with auspiciousness through hard work. The team's auspiciousness was due to their focus and consistency.
2. Esoteric - adjective – meant for or understood by just a few people; Intended for a particular group -
Synonyms: mysterious, obscure -
Hieroglyphics are an esoteric form of communication. The ancient book was considered esoteric because it was written in a mysterious code.
Esoterically - adverb - Frank’s professor spoke esoterically as if everyone in his class was a scholar. The man danced esoterically in the middle of the crowd and amazed all of the spectators.
3. Allot (NOT the same as "a lot") - verb – to give or share a portion of something – Verb tenses: allot, allots, allotted, allotting - Synonyms: allocate, assign, distribute -
The bank allotted Timmy money after he won the lottery. Frank’s grandma allots candy to little kids on Halloween. Bob had to allot some of his lunch with Frank.
4. Loathe - verb – to feel strong hatred or disgust for
Verb tense: loathe, loathed, loathing, loathes -
Synonyms: dislike, despise, detest -
Timmy loathed Frank for flirting with his girlfriend. Most students loathe homework because it takes up their free time.
Vocab Poem Example:
Poems must be at least 10 lines. Stories must be at least 10 sentences.
Vision
My rhymes are an auspicious sign
They are esoteric, they can’t be defined.
You might think that I am culpable of fraud
But my integrity is respected even abroad.
I don’t loathe my haters or denounce their names
My greatness runs deep I invented the game.
I allot my knowledge to anyone that will listen
If you look real close you will understand my vision.
Keep your eyes wide open and your vision straight
Find your meaning or else you will be late.
Vocab 6
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ify, -fy - verbs -
Meaning A: “the making of” or “the process of making into”- Notify: the process of making notification
- Meaning B: “expressing a sense of cause”
- Horrify: to cause horror
- Meaning C: making a state or condition defined by an adjective
- Amplify: in this case, our adjective is “ample” and we add –ify to create our verb Amplify
https://www.sophiacommon.org/tutorials/-suffixes-and-their-meanings
- Notify: the process of making notification
- Meaning B: “expressing a sense of cause”
- Horrify: to cause horror
- Meaning C: making a state or condition defined by an adjective
- Amplify: in this case, our adjective is “ample” and we add –ify to create our verb Amplify
1. Indignation - noun - anger or scorn aroused for something felt to be unfair.
The crowd showed its indignation as they booed the referee's bad call. Bob's indignation over the over priced snacks got him kicked out of the concert.
Indignant – adjective - Sarah gave Timmy an indignant look when he accused her of liking Frank. Sally can be very indignant when she is put down for being a girl.
Indignantly - adverb - Don glared indignantly at Peggy as she walked by with her new co-workers. Timmy yelled indignantly at Frank for cutting in front of him.
2. Efface - verb - to remove from one’s memory; to be inconspicuous or not recognized; to rub out or erase
Verb tenses – Efface, Effaces, Effaced, Effacing
Timmy tried to efface the happy memories of his ex-girlfriend from his mind. Frank tried to efface himself so that no one would recognize at the party. Sam was effacing the writing on his desk when his teacher walked up.
3. Ostracize - verb - to banish or exclude.
Verb tenses – Ostracize,Ostracizes, Ostracized, Ostracizing
The tribe ostracized the man because he had broken an ancient tribal law. Frank’s friends ostracize people who are different than they are.
4. Transitory - adjective - having the quality of fleeting or not lasting; lasting only a short time, temporary.
Because life is transitory we have to make the most of it. The satisfaction that we get from avoiding work in the present is transitory, because it usually causes more work for us in the future.
2nd Quarter Vocabulary Words
Vocab 7
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ive, -ative, -itive - adjectives - form adjectives from nouns
- Meaning A: having the characteristics or nature of the noun this suffix is attached
- Corrosive = Corrosion (noun) + –ive (having the nature of) = having the nature of corrosion/the process of corroding
- Meaning B: tending to …
- Talkative = Talk (noun) + –ative (tending to) = tends to talk often
https://www.sophiacommon.org/tutorials/-suffixes-and-their-meanings
- Meaning A: having the characteristics or nature of the noun this suffix is attached
- Corrosive = Corrosion (noun) + –ive (having the nature of) = having the nature of corrosion/the process of corroding
- Meaning B: tending to …
- Talkative = Talk (noun) + –ative (tending to) = tends to talk often
1. Inclination – noun - a preference, feeling, or tendency toward something - Synonyms: desire, appetite -
Frank’s inclination to play basketball is greater than his inclination to play soccer. Bob has a strong inclination for ice cream, he just can't get enough of it.
Disinclination – noun – an aversion or negative feeling toward something - Sam has a disinclination for Rocky Road ice cream because he doesn’t like nuts. Timmy has a disinclination for running, because he has asthma.
2. Benevolent – adjective - expressing goodwill, desiring to help others; charitable -
Synonyms: caring, generous, compassionate -
Timmy’s mother is very benevolent; she always offers to give his friends a ride home. The benevolent man helped pass out blankets at the homeless shelter.
Benevolence – noun - Frank’s benevolence is so inspirational that his teammates have even joined him in helping out their community. Mary shows her benevolence every year when she helps out underprivileged kids at Christmas.
3. Contradict – verb – to assert the opposite of something - Verb tenses - Contradict, Contradicts, Contradicted, Contradicting - Synonyms: negate, counter -
Timmy contradicted himself when he claimed to like the Patriots, because he was wearing a Jets hat. Bob contradicts himself when he tries to explain why he didn't come up on time.
4. Contempt – noun – a feeling of hatred for someone or something - Synonyms: disdain, disrespect, hatred -
Jim has a lot of contempt for the Jets because he is a Patriots fan. Bob showed his contempt by joining the protest.
Contemptible/Contemptuous – adjective – describing something/someone worthy of hatred
Timmy felt that Frank was contemptible, because he got him suspended from school.
Tywin’s attitude towards his son was contemptuous because he disapproved of his life style.
Contemptibly/Contemptuously - adverb -
Bill contemptuously cowered away from the big moment in the game. Sarah contemptibly ignored her responsibility to do her homework, because she hated her math class.
5. Abomination – noun – anything that is greatly disliked or disgraceful -
Synonyms: aversion, evil, detestation -
Frank’s behavior in church was an abomination, because disrupted the sermon. The tribe viewed Sally as an abomination because she went against the ancient law.
Abominable – adjective - Timmy’s mother thought that his language was abominable, because he used so many curse words. The boy's abominable behavior got him kicked out of the game.
6. Amiable – adjective – Having or showing pleasant, good-natured personal qualities; being friendly and sociable - Synonyms: cheerful, gracious, charming
I am lucky to have such an amiable friend who always cheers me up. The girl had so many friends because of her amiable personality.
Amiably – adverb - Everyone likes Sarah because she acts so amiably. Timmy smiled amiably at Sarah and brightened her day.
Vocab Poem Example:
Poems must be at least 10 lines. Stories must be at least 10 sentences.
Frank
My friend Frank has an inclination to stir up trouble without hesitation.
Many people see Frank as being quite amiable,
but I know that he has a nose for causing lots of turmoil.
Frank disguises his contempt by acting benevolent,
even his mother thinks that Frank is heaven sent.
Frank’s true friends no better than to sympathize with his situation,
we know if you do he’ll catch you in one of his abominations.
Frank is well known for his abominable behavior
He contradicts himself whenever he is nice to his neighbor.
But Frank is my friend and I have no contempt
I guess it’s because I am so benevolent.
Frank’s inclination to play basketball is greater than his inclination to play soccer. Bob has a strong inclination for ice cream, he just can't get enough of it.
Disinclination – noun – an aversion or negative feeling toward something - Sam has a disinclination for Rocky Road ice cream because he doesn’t like nuts. Timmy has a disinclination for running, because he has asthma.
2. Benevolent – adjective - expressing goodwill, desiring to help others; charitable -
Synonyms: caring, generous, compassionate -
Timmy’s mother is very benevolent; she always offers to give his friends a ride home. The benevolent man helped pass out blankets at the homeless shelter.
Benevolence – noun - Frank’s benevolence is so inspirational that his teammates have even joined him in helping out their community. Mary shows her benevolence every year when she helps out underprivileged kids at Christmas.
3. Contradict – verb – to assert the opposite of something - Verb tenses - Contradict, Contradicts, Contradicted, Contradicting - Synonyms: negate, counter -
Timmy contradicted himself when he claimed to like the Patriots, because he was wearing a Jets hat. Bob contradicts himself when he tries to explain why he didn't come up on time.
4. Contempt – noun – a feeling of hatred for someone or something - Synonyms: disdain, disrespect, hatred -
Jim has a lot of contempt for the Jets because he is a Patriots fan. Bob showed his contempt by joining the protest.
Contemptible/Contemptuous – adjective – describing something/someone worthy of hatred
Timmy felt that Frank was contemptible, because he got him suspended from school.
Tywin’s attitude towards his son was contemptuous because he disapproved of his life style.
Contemptibly/Contemptuously - adverb -
Bill contemptuously cowered away from the big moment in the game. Sarah contemptibly ignored her responsibility to do her homework, because she hated her math class.
5. Abomination – noun – anything that is greatly disliked or disgraceful -
Synonyms: aversion, evil, detestation -
Frank’s behavior in church was an abomination, because disrupted the sermon. The tribe viewed Sally as an abomination because she went against the ancient law.
Abominable – adjective - Timmy’s mother thought that his language was abominable, because he used so many curse words. The boy's abominable behavior got him kicked out of the game.
6. Amiable – adjective – Having or showing pleasant, good-natured personal qualities; being friendly and sociable - Synonyms: cheerful, gracious, charming
I am lucky to have such an amiable friend who always cheers me up. The girl had so many friends because of her amiable personality.
Amiably – adverb - Everyone likes Sarah because she acts so amiably. Timmy smiled amiably at Sarah and brightened her day.
Vocab Poem Example:
Poems must be at least 10 lines. Stories must be at least 10 sentences.
Frank
My friend Frank has an inclination to stir up trouble without hesitation.
Many people see Frank as being quite amiable,
but I know that he has a nose for causing lots of turmoil.
Frank disguises his contempt by acting benevolent,
even his mother thinks that Frank is heaven sent.
Frank’s true friends no better than to sympathize with his situation,
we know if you do he’ll catch you in one of his abominations.
Frank is well known for his abominable behavior
He contradicts himself whenever he is nice to his neighbor.
But Frank is my friend and I have no contempt
I guess it’s because I am so benevolent.
Vocab 8
Suffixes: the end part of a word
en - verb - (to create, increase, or develop)
Forms verbs from adjectives and nouns.
- Widen = Wide (adjective) + –en (increase) = increase wideness
- Heighten = Height (noun) + –en (increase) = increase height
- https://www.sophiacommon.org/tutorials/-suffixes-and-their-meanings
- Widen = Wide (adjective) + –en (increase) = increase wideness
- Heighten = Height (noun) + –en (increase) = increase height
- https://www.sophiacommon.org/tutorials/-suffixes-and-their-meanings
1. Indulgent – adjective – being lenient or tolerant; giving into one’s wishes or desires -
Synonyms: permissive, lenient -
The indulgent parents let their children watch anything that they wanted on TV. The indulgent boy ate so much candy that he got a stomach ache.
Indulgently – adverb - Frank reached indulgently into the CHEEZ-IT box to get his fix. Sally's mom indulgently accepted Sally's reason for coming home late.
2. Feign – verb – to deceive; to put on an appearance
Verb tenses: Feign, Feigns, Feigned, Feigning -
Synonyms: pretend, fake, fabricate
Frank feigned his enjoyment of gymnastics in order to make his girlfriend happy. Timmy was feigning a smile when he opened his grandmother’s present.
3. Coincidence – noun – a striking occurrence of two or more events at one time apparently by mere chance - Synonyms: chance, agreement
It was just a coincidence that the thunder struck outside as the priest gave his fiery sermon. The team's winning streak had nothing to due with their new mascot, it was just a coincidence.
4. Elusive – adjective – hard to express or define; ability to escape - Synonyms: ambiguous, evasive
The concept was too elusive for Frank to explain.
The burglar was too elusive for the police to catch.
Elusively – adverb - Timmy elusively contemplated the idea of love. The running back weaved elusively through the defense.
Vocab Poem Example:
Poems must be at least 10 lines. Stories must be at least 10 sentences.
Timmy
Timmy is indulgent he eats everything in sight.
If you dare to touch Timmy’s food it will end with a fight.
Timmy doesn’t feign or care what people think
He’ll even eat old food right out of the sink.
It’s no coincidence that Timmy wears double XLs
He eats everything in sight and his tummy just swells.
Food is not elusive when Timmy is near
He eats everything he can without a fear.
If you are a box of Cheez-its you best watch out
you'll be a box full of crumbs there is no doubt.
Vocab 9
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ent - adjective - (one who is) - different, confident
-ence - noun - (relating to) - difference, confidence
-ity, -ty - noun - (state of quality of) - captivity, clarity
1. Menace – noun - something that threatens to cause evil, harm, injury - Synonyms: pest, hazard, danger -
Frank got kicked off of his team, because his coach claimed that he was a menace to the other kids. People that text message while they drive are a menace to everyone else on the road.
2. Prosperity – noun – a successful, flourishing, or thriving condition - Synonyms: accomplishment, success -
People that work hard and use their time wisely will have much prosperity in their future. The farmer’s prosperity came from the uncountable hours he put into his land.
Prosperous - adjective The accountant was very prosperous in his line of work, because he worked well with the public. The boy had a prosperous work ethic, he always seemed to get the job done.
3. Pandemonium – noun – a place or scene of riotous uproar or utter chaos - Synonyms: craziness, anarchy -
After the Dodgers won the World Series the stadium erupted into pandemonium, fans were running everywhere. The angry mob created pandemonium in the streets by lighting buildings and cars on fire.
4. Surmise – verb - to think or infer without certain or strong evidence - Verb tenses: surmise, surmises, surmised, surmising - Synonyms: guess, assumption -
Timmy surmised that Sarah liked Frank even though he had no real evidence. Jim’s inclination to surmise gets him into trouble, because he can’t ever support his point.
Vocab 10
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ion, -sion, -tion - nouns - (act of, state of, result of)- contagion, infection, aversion
-ate - verb - (to cause, to make) - liquidate, segregate
- adjective - articulate, affectionate
-ly - adverb - (in the manner of) - carefully, daily, quickly
1. Allot (NOT the same as "a lot") - verb – to give or share a portion of something – Verb tenses: allot, allots, allotted, allotting - Synonyms: allocate, distribute, assign
The bank allotted Timmy money after he won the lottery. Frank’s grandma allots candy to little kids on Halloween. Bob had to allot some of his lunch with Frank.
2. Lament – verb – express grief or sorrow –
Verb tenses: lament, laments, lamented, lamenting - Synonyms: morn, grieve, regret
Timmy lamented the death of his dog Sparky.
Frank was lamenting the loss in the big game when Sarah cheered him up.
3. Dross – noun – waste, worthless, or impure –
Synonyms: remains, impurity, trash -
There is quite a lot of dross on TV these days, there just are not too many shows with good family values.
Bob's editor has a talent for turning bad writing or literary dross into gold.
4. Persevere – verb - to persist in anything undertaken; maintain a purpose in spite of difficulty and obstacles
Verb tenses: persevere, perseveres, persevered, persevering - Synonyms: endure, persist, determined -
Timmy needed to persevere at the end of the school year in order to keep his A. In order to be a champion Frank had to persevere through hardships.
Perseverance – noun - Frank showed his perseverance by overcoming ADHD in order to get an A. The man's perseverance was greater than the feeling to give up, which was why he was so successful in his life.
5. Prodigious – adjective - Impressively great in size, force, or extent - Synonyms: extraordinary, marvelous -
There was a prodigious storm brewing out at sea, so the captain kept his boat at the dock. Frank was a prodigious talent when it came to football, nobody had his skills. The Super Bowl is a prodigious event, millions of people watch it.
Prodigiously – adverb - The tornado grew prodigiously as it swept through the town swallowing up everything in its path. The stage production was prodigiously complex and amazingly smooth the way the actors put it together.
Vocab 11
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ive - (causing quality or character; performing; demonstrative) - adjective - conclusive, festive, abusive
- noun - detective
-able, -ible - adjective - (able, can do) - capable, visible
1. Apprehensive – adjective - anxious; fearful about something that might happen – Synonyms: uneasy, doubtful, fearful - Timmy was apprehensive about going to the party because he knew his parents did not want him to go. Bob gave Sam an apprehensive look when Sam wanted to ditch class.
Apprehensively - adverb - Because Frank was shy, he apprehensively called Sarah to ask her to the movies. Sally apprehensively asked her dad to go to the dance because she knew he didn't like dances.
2. Contemplate – verb - to deeply think about something – Verb tenses: contemplate, contemplates, contemplated, contemplating - Synonyms: think, ponder, deliberate - Timmy contemplated whether or not he should go to college when he graduated or just get a job.
Frank likes to sit on the bench on his front porch and contemplate what he should do with his future.
Contemplation – noun – Frank sat in deep contemplation about his future after he received F's on his report card. Bob's contemplation of his actions impressed his parents.
3. Dire – adjective - causing or involving great fear or suffering; something dreadful; urgent or desperate - Synonyms: urgent, crucial, critical -
Timmy knew that there would be dire consequences if his parents found out that he went to the party. Bob was in dire need of finding someone to help him with his essay because he did not understand it.
Direly - adverb - Frank was direly rushed to the hospital after the car accident. Timmy argued direly with his teacher about whether or not he cheated on the test.
4. Morose – adjective - a sad, gloomy manner – Synonyms: mournful, glum, depressed -
The morose boy walked slowly away from his girlfriend’s house after she broke up with him. Frank was morose after the Dodgers let him down in the playoffs.
Morosely – adverb - Sam walked morosely off the field after his team lost the championship game. Sally talked morosely to her friends after Frank left her at the dance.
Vocab 12
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ity, -ty - nouns - (state or quality of being) - quality, civility, necessity
-ize - verb - (make like) - sterilize, Christianize
1. Dubious – adjective – doubtful; unsure; uncertain about an outcome - Synonyms: questionable, debatable -
Timmy seemed dubious about who would win the Super Bowl. Frank had a dubious look on his face when Bob told him there was going to be a zombie apocalypse.
Dubiously – adverb - Sally dubiously gave her change to the sketchy guy outside of the gas station. Frank dubiously asked his coach if he could take a break.
Dubiousness – noun - The dubiousness of the situation caused Sam to rethink whether or not he should go to the party. Bob's dubiousness made it difficult for him to make important decisions.
2. Abrupt – adjective - happening suddenly; to interrupt almost rudely - Synonyms: surprising, unexpected, direct - The interruption over the loudspeaker was abrupt and caught everyone off guard. The boy's abrupt actions distracted the class.
Abruptly – adverb - Frank abruptly jumped up out of his seat in the middle of class when he saw the spider. The alarm sounded abruptly and caught everyone's attention.
Abruptness – noun - The abruptness of the earthquake scared everyone in the building. The man's abruptness surprised the waiter at the restaurant.
3. Frivolous – adjective - characterized by lack of seriousness; self-indulgent; carefree - Synonyms: foolish, silly, impractical - The man was homeless, because he had been frivolous with his money. Sally had a frivolous attitude, she just didn't take things very seriously.
Frivolously – adverb - Sarah frivolously spent her money on a new wardrobe. Sally acted frivolously at the party, she didn't seem to care about the consequences of her actions.
4. Jeopardize – verb – to pose a threat; to put at risk
Verb tenses: jeopardize, jeopardizes, jeopardized, jeopardizing - Synonyms: endanger, threaten, risk -
The driver jeopardized his passengers because he had been drinking. Frank jeopardized his team’s chance of winning when he committed the ridiculous foul.
Vocab 13
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ly - adverb - (nature of, recurring, resembling manner) - clearly, daily
-ment - noun - (result, action, condition) - contentment, amendment,
1. Magnanimous – adjective – generous in forgiving; free from petty resentfulness; high-minded or noble - Synonyms: charitable, forgiving, considerate -
The king was a just and magnanimous ruler.
Timmy made a magnanimous gesture when he told Frank he forgave him for dating Sarah.
Magnanimously - adverb - Frank magnanimously offered his help to the woman that ran into his car. Bob magnanimously resolved the petty feud that had been going on since 4th grade.
2. Appease – verb – to bring to a state of peace or contentment; to pacify or soothe – Verb tenses: appease, appeases, appeased, appeasing -
Synonyms: satisfy, alleviate, calm - The students tried to appease their teacher by doing their homework. The fruit appeased Frank’s hunger. Timmy likes appeasing his parents by doing his chores before they ask.
3. Conciliate – verb – to overcome distrust or hostility; to win over; to reconcile - Verb tenses: conciliate, conciliates, conciliated, conciliating -
Synonyms: pacify, placate, appease - Our coach talked to the other team’s coach to conciliate the angry players. Sam tried to conciliate his girlfriend by giving her roses.
4. Obstinate – adjective – firmly or stubbornly adhering to an opinion; inflexible or persistence –
Synonyms: stubborn, adamant, headstrong - The obstinate student failed because he refused to study for the test. The girl was so obstinate that she wouldn't take the sample even though it was free.
Obstinately – adverb - Timmy obstinately refused to watch the chick flick with his girlfriend. Bob argued obstinately with his parents even though they had already made their decision.
Vocab Poem Example:
King of Weesly
I am the King of Weesly, but there is no reason to appease me.
Many people feel they need to conciliate in order to change their fate.
Although their fear is quite great I come from a magnanimous state.
I am not obstinate or crude and I don’t believe in being rude.
I don’t live a frivolous life style and I am not one to defile.
Even though I see lots of depravity I try to keep everyone happy.
I don’t want to jeopardize any of my subjects or blame any usual suspects.
I am the King of Weesly I rule my kingdom freely.
3rd Quarter Vocabulary
Vocab 14
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-an, -ian - adjective - (native of, pertaining to, resembling, belonging to) - American, Martian
-ance, -ancy - noun - (state, action, process, state, quality) - importance, assistance, buoyancy
1. Avid - adjective - enthusiastic or eager –
Timmy was an avid baseball fan, he loved every aspect of the game. John is an avid reader, he always has a book in his hand.
Avidly – adverb - Sally ran avidly to the front of the line to see the band come out. Bob avidly read the last book in the trilogy.
2. Contrite - adjective - sorry for one's short comings - The contrite boy felt really bad for letting his team down at the end of the game. Frank felt contrite after he saw the look on his mom’s face when she looked at his report card. Timmy showed how contrite he was by writing an apology.
Contritely – adverb - Timmy contritely apologized for not turning his homework in. Jim walked contritely into the church for the funeral.
3. Riotous - adjective - disorderly, out of control, violent – Synonyms: chaotic, wild, rowdy -
The riotous mob burned down the building. The crowd became riotous in the stands throwing things onto the field after the bad call.
Riotously – adverb - Frank riotously stormed into his room knocking things over after his parents grounded him. The suspect ran riotously away from the police when they yelled at him to stop.
4. Tumult – noun - a loud commotion; a violent disorderly mob or ruckus - Synonyms: uproar, disturbance, turmoil - The crowd erupted into a loud tumult when the team won the championship. A tumult broke out in the classroom because there was a substitute.
Tumultuous – adjective - The tumultuous crowd pushed their way through the barrier to get to the stage. The protesters became tumultuous when the president refused to hear their demands.
5. Vain – adjective – pointless; lacking substance or worth - Synonyms: futile, petty, trivial - High school kids show their lack of maturity through their vain talk. Young bands tend to write vain poppy lyrics that appeal the masses.
- excessively proud of one's appearance or accomplishments; conceited - Synonyms: arrogant, cocky, egotistical - The vain girl stared at herself in the mirror for 10 minutes. Melvin was so vain, he actually thought the song was about him.
6. Interpose – verb - to put or place between or among other things - Verb tenses: interpose, interposes, interposed, interposing - Synonyms: interrupt, interject -
Timmy interposed himself in between Frank and Sarah at the football game. Mark interposed his picture in the group collage.
- to comment, question, or interject - Frank interposed an idea during the meeting. Tammy interposed when her dad said that she needed to be home by 9:00.
- to exert or use power to influence - Sam interposed his will on the group and convinced them to change their rules. Vin interposed himself in the middle of the two kids that were trying to fight.
Vocab 15
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-cy - noun - (action, function, condition) - prophecy, accuracy, normalcy, captaincy
-dom - noun - (quality, realm,condition) - freedom, kingdom, wisdom
Blatant - adjective - very obvious; offensively noisy – Synonyms: glaring, conspicuous, obvious -
It was pretty blatant that the girl was texting on her cell phone under her desk. It was very blatant that Frank was flirting with Sarah, because he kept smiling at her.
Blatantly – adverb - Frank blatantly looked at the girl passing by as he walked with his girlfriend. Timmy was blatantly talking during the quiz and received a detention.
Belligerence - noun - an aggressive nature – Synonyms: aggression, antagonism, animosity -
The man’s belligerence got him kicked out of the game.
The Ibo believed that there was no excuse for belligerence during the Week of Peace.
Belligerent – adjective - Timmy’s belligerent comment to the referee got him kicked out of the game. The man was so belligerent that the bouncer would not let him inside.
Belligerently – adverb - Frank belligerently yelled at the car in front of him because it cut him off. Sam’s dad belligerently chased the vandals from his house.
Myriad - noun – a great number of something; innumerable - Synonyms: countless, infinite, multiple -
There are a myriad of options when it comes to figuring out what you want to do with your life. Frank couldn’t see because of the myriad of snowflakes falling from the sky.
Impalpable - adjective - difficult to understand -
The message in the speech was impalpable because the speaker didn’t use very many details to describe his point.
The meaning of life can be impalpable for many people.
- not capable of being felt – The students’ impalpable look discouraged the teacher. The impalpable mist was barely noticed by the people passing by the store.
Impalpably – adverb - Frank looked impalpably at Sarah after she broke up with him as if he didn’t care. A fine rain fell impalpably on Bartleby as he walked home.
Vocab 16
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ee - noun - (one who receives, possesses, or performs the action) - employee nominee, refugee, absentee
-en - adjective - (made of, to make as, to cause, similar to) - broken, oaken,
- verb - cheapen, lighten
Ravenous - adjective – extremely hungry or greedy – Synonyms: hungry, ferocious, greedy -
The ravenous boy tore into the piece of meat.
People become so ravenous when it comes to Christmas shopping that they fight over items in the store. The stock broker was so ravenous for money that he conned an old lady for her life savings.
Ludicrous - adjective – ridiculous or absurd – Synonyms: bizarre, preposterous, nonsensical -
Timmy’s excuse for why he didn’t turn his homework in was completely ludicrous. Frank gave a ludicrous response to his teacher's question.
Ludicrously – adverb - Frank acted ludicrously at the party when Sarah broke up with him. Bob talked ludicrously to Sarah because he was so nervous.
Appall - verb – horrified or disgusted –
Verb tenses: Appall, Appalled, Appalls, Appalling - Synonyms: horrify, alarm, dishearten -
Timmy hopes that he doesn’t appall his mother with his low grades. The band’s version of the Star Spangled Banner appalled Frank, because it was off key.
Appalling - adjective - Sarah found Frank’s behavior at the party appalling, because he was out of control. Tammy thought that the movie was appalling because of all of the foul language.
Malevolent - adjective – evil, harmful, with hostility – Synonyms: hateful, malicious, wicked -
The malevolent millionaire didn’t care whose lives he ruined with his business. Reginald appears to have a malevolent exterior, but he is really very kind at heart.
Malevolently – adverb - The scary man malevolently crept through the shadows to stalk his victim. Frank talked malevolently to the young boy who was trespassing on his property.
Malevolence – noun - The man’s malevolence outweighs all of the good deeds that had done before. Jack really showed his malevolence when he broke Piggy's glasses.
Vocab 17
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ness - noun - (a state of being; a condition or quality) - carelessness
-sion, -tion - nouns - (a state of being; a condition or quality) - attention, conclusion, definition
Exulting - adjective – extremely joyful -
Synonyms: elated, excited, ecstatic -
The exulting contestant yelled extremely loud when he found out that he had won the grand prize. Frank was exulting when Sarah said she would go to the movie with him.
Exultingly – adverb - Timmy exultingly jumped around the room cheering after the Dodgers won. Tom exultingly gave his mom his report card after he received straight A's.
Impervious - adjective – unable to be penetrated; without feeling or response -
Synonyms: resistant, immune, impassible -
The students seemed to be impervious to failing scores. Jack was impervious to the other kids on the island.
Timmy seems to be impervious to emotional pain.
Imperviously – adverb - Timmy walked imperviously by Frank as Frank glared at him. Sarah talked imperviously to her mom as if she had no regard for her punishment.
Imperviousness – noun – The player’s imperviousness allowed him to keep playing after his injury. John’s imperviousness scared his mother.
Obscurity - noun - state of being unknown – Synonyms: vagueness, ambiguity, uncertainty -
The obscurity of the religion made it difficult to follow.
The man’s point that he was trying to make was lost in obscurity because none of his examples made sense.
Obscure – adjective – The question was too obscure for the teacher to answer. Sam didn’t understand the obscure idea that Frank was talking about.
Obscurely – adverb – Frank talked to his younger brother who just looked at him obscurely as though he didn't know what he was talking about. The class looked obscurely at the teacher when he explained the complex idea.
Assimilate - verb - taking in and integrating –
Verb tenses: Assimilate, Assimilates, Assimilated, Assimilating - Synonyms: incorporate, comprehend, grasp
Timmy had to work on assimilating to his teacher’s new set of rules so that he wouldn’t get in trouble anymore. Sarah had to assimilate to her new school. John assimilated to playing a new sport.
Assimilation – noun - The family’s assimilation to the new country’s culture seems successful. Bob had a tough time with his assimilation into the new club.
Vocab 18
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-er, -or - nouns - (one who is or performs or one who does) - broiler, carpenter, actor
-esis, -osis - nouns - (action, process, condition) - genesis, hypnosis, neurosis
Inscrutable – adjective – mysterious; difficult to understand or comprehend -
Synonyms: ambiguous, unintelligible, incomprehensible -
Frank's inscrutable handwriting confused everyone. The inscrutable problem was difficult for Sal to solve.
Inscrutably – adverb - The dog acted inscrutably after it had been given its shots. The man mumbled and spoke inscrutably making it difficult to understand him.
Incredulous – adjective – skeptical, unsure of, or disbelieving -
Synonyms: suspicious, hesitant, unconvinced -
Frank gave Timmy an incredulous look when Timmy asked him if he wanted to ditch class. Sarah was a bit incredulous about Timmy’s story, she didn’t know if it was true or not.
Incredulously – adverb – Frank incredulously asked his dad if Santa Claus was real. Timmy looked incredulously at Frank as Frank flirted with Timmy’s girlfriend.
Tremulous – adjective – fearful, timid, or scared - Timmy was tremulous when it came to roller coasters. The tremulous boy was nervous to ask the girl to the dance.
Tremulously – adverb – The little boy tremulously opened the door to look outside to see who was there. Frank looked tremulously out the window to see if the scary figure was still out there.
Incantation – noun – a chant or recited verbal ritual - Synonyms: hymn, chant, recitation -
The crowd’s incantation during the game motivated the players. The tribe had a very specific incantation that was supposed to induce rain.
Vocab 19
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ful - adjective - (full of, quality, able to) - frightful, beautiful, useful
-ify - verb - (to make or cause) - fortify, simplify
Demure – adjective – to be shy, modest, or coy
The demure boy was nervous for his first day of school. The girl’s mother wanted her to wear something modest and demure to school. The movie features a demure romance between the two adult leads.
Gesticulate – verb - to make gestures for emphasis, especially while speaking - Verb tenses: gesticulate, gesticulated, gesticulating, gesticulates -
Synonyms: gesture, motion, signal -
Timmy gesticulates a lot with his hands when he is trying to explain something to someone. The crowd could tell the coach was angry by the way he was gesticulating to the umpire.
Shrill – adjective - shriller, shrillest – high-pitched and piercing in tone or sound; sharp or keen to the senses - Synonyms: sharp, earsplitting, noisy -
The sound coming from the broken TV was very shrill and hurt my ears. The eagle’s shrill cry scared the children. Sally's voice was much shriller than Sandra's voice.
Shrilly – adverb - The girl cried shrilly when she found out she had been cut from the team.
Shrill - verb - Verb tenses: Shrill, Shrilled, Shrilling, Shrills - The baby shrilled loudly when it had to be changed. The cat shrills any time the dog gets close to him.
Shrillness - noun - The shrillness of the crowd was too much for the young boy to take. Peggy's shrillness made her difficult to listen to you.
Vex – verb - To bother or distress; to cause perplexity or confusion - Verb tenses: vex, vexed, vexing, vexes - Synonyms: afflict, agitate, bother -
Frank always vexes over History tests, because he never studies for them. The math problem vexed Sarah, because there were too many components involved in it.
4th Quarter Vocabulary Words
Vocab 20
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ent - adjective - (one who is) - different
-ence - noun - (relating to) - confidence
-ary, -ery, -ory - (relating to, quality, place where) - noun - dictionary, dormitory
- adjective - scary, ordinary
Petty – adjective – having little or no importance
The students were able to put their petty problems aside in order to work together. Torvald’s reason for firing Krogstad was very petty.
Pettily – adverb - Frank talked pettily to the young children, who couldn’t understand what he was talking about. The girls gossiped pettily among each other about what happened at lunch.
Pettiness – noun - The pettiness of the girls’ conversation annoyed Timmy. Sarah’s pettiness caused her to lose her friends.
Pugnacious - adjective - eager and ready to fight, combative – Synonyms: aggressive, antagonistic -
The pugnacious teenager had a difficult time staying out of trouble because of his anger issues. The pugnacious dog barked at anyone who walked by his yard.
Pugnaciously – adverb - The dog acted pugnaciously when the cat ran by the fence. Ralph yelled pugnaciously at Jack when Jack let the fire go out.
Complacent – adjective - pleased or satisfied with one’s state - Synonyms: content, satisfied, pleased -
The voters are too complacent to change the government. Sarah was complacent with her grades.
Complacently – adverb - Frank complacently printed out his final draft once he finished it. Jack watched complacently as his hunters danced around the fire chanting and singing.
Derogatory – adjective - belittling and insulting – Synonyms: offensive, degrading, demeaning -
The boy got in trouble for making a derogatory remark.
Timmy’s mother wouldn’t let him watch the movie because of its derogatory language.
Derogatorily – adverb - Jim got in trouble for speaking derogatorily to the kids.
Frank gesticulated derogatorily towards the other team.
Exacerbate – verb – to make a bad situation worse –
Verb tenses: exacerbate, exacerbates, exacerbated, exacerbating - Synonyms: infuriate, aggravate, worsen -
When Timmy yelled profanity at the police officer it exacerbated the situation.Tom exacerbated his punishment when he argued with is mom about being grounded.
Droll – adjective – humorous or funny in an odd way – Synonyms: amusing, eccentric, humorous - The man had a very droll personality that people found very interesting. Simon was a droll boy who seemed to say odd things.
Drolly – adverb - Frank dressed up drolly for the costume party. Tom stared at the girl that walked around drolly wearing a large pink hat.
Vocab 21
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ic - adjective - (nature of, like) - metallic, heroic, poetic
-ice - noun - (condition, state, quality) - justice, malice, cowardice
Deplorable – adjective – causing grief or regret; something very bad –
Synonyms: disastrous, shameful, disgraceful -
Frank cried over the deplorable death of his friend. This room is in deplorable order, it's a mess. Timmy is so rude, he has deplorable manners!
Deplorably – adverb - Sam was out of control, he acted deplorably at the party.
Tom was grounded for speaking deplorably to his mother.
Composure – noun – calmness; self control – Synonyms: poise, control, equilibrium -
Bobby couldn’t keep his composure during the game and he got thrown out. Tom struggled to keep his composure when the principal accused him of stealing the ipod.
Omission – noun – an act of leaving out or neglecting-
Synonyms: excluded, carelessness, forgetfulness -
Timmy made a horrible omission on his journal and he received a ZERO! Tom's omission of his name ended with his paper being thrown away.
Omit - verb - Verb tenses: omit, omits, omitting, omitted
Timmy always seems to omit certain details when he is telling his mom what he did at Frank's house. Frank sometimes omits his name when he turns in his work.
Fickle – adjective – lacking loyalty; unpredictably changing; erratic – Synonyms: temperamental, changeable - Many sports fans are very fickle when it comes to picking their favorite team, they only choose ones on top.
The fickle girl was constantly changing the type of clothes she liked to wear.
Fickly – adverb - Frank fickly changed his mind about what he wanted for dinner. The girl talked fickly about her favorite pop star, some days she loved him other days she didn't.
Vocab 22
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ism - noun - (system, behavior, condition, action, attitude) - heroism, communism, alcoholism
-ist - noun - (one who is, that which, one who does) - specialist, pianist, elitist, novelist, chemist
Ascertain – verb – to find out definitely; learn with certainty or assurance – Verb tenses: ascertain, ascertains, ascertained, ascertaining - Synonyms: discover, determine
Frank had to ascertain the facts in order to do his project correctly. Timmy had difficulty ascertaining the meaning of life so he wandered around aimlessly.
Wallow – verb – to roll about or move with difficulty; to indulge in emotion – Verb tenses: wallow, wallows, wallowed, wallowing - Synonyms: grovel, flounder -
Timmy’s dog wallowed around in the mud after he had been given a bath. Frank always wallows in his room when his gets grounded.
Poignant – adjective –distressing to the feelings; affecting the emotions –
Synonyms: affecting, disturbing, emotional -
Frank had poignant regret for breaking the law. Sarah’s poignant anxiety caused her to lock herself in her room. The poignant memory of Timmy’s ex-girlfriend made him extremely sad.
Poignantly – adverb - Frank thought poignantly about how his dad used to play catch with him. Sarah poignantly took down the pictures of her ex-boyfriend from her poster board.
Insufferable – adjective - not to be endured; intolerable; unbearable -
Synonyms: detestable, distressing, horrible -
Losing the championship game was an insufferable moment. Sam couldn’t stand listening to Sarah’s insufferable singing.
Insufferably – adverb – Timmy sang insufferably during the car ride. Frank talked insufferably all the way to the beach.
Vocab 23
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-less - adjective - (without, unable to act, not able to) - worthless, mindless, guileless
-ly - adverb - (nature of, recurring, resembling, manner) - clearly, daily, fearlessly, quickly
Ineffable – adjective - incapable of being expressed or described in words; inexpressible –
Synonyms: indescribable, incommunicable, inexpressible -
Timmy couldn’t express his ineffable joy after the Dodgers had won the World Series. The ineffable car accident left Frank with a lack of words.
Ineffably – adverb - Frank struggled ineffably to explain how he felt when he saw Sarah at the movies with Timmy. Sarah stared ineffably at Timmy when he said he was breaking up with her.
Ineffablility - noun - Ineffability washed over Timmy’s mother when she saw he had received straight A’s.
The ending of show "Lost" left Steve in a state of ineffability.
Pertinent – adjective - pertaining or relating significantly to the matter at hand; relevant –
Synonyms: applicable, appropriate, related -
The detective searched for the pertinent details to figure out the case. The notes that the students copied down were pertinent to the test.
Pertinently – adverb - Frank pertinently explained how the ideas in the paper matched his thesis. Sam pertinently discussed with his parents how he would manage paying his rent once he moved out.
Pertinence – noun - Timmy’s evidence in his speech had no pertinence to his main point. The prosecutor pointed out the pertinence of the evidence to the jury.
Empathy – noun - understanding the situation, feelings, and motives of another person; to feel pity - Synonyms: compassion, sympathy, understanding -
Frank had empathy for Sam when Sam’s girlfriend broke up with him. The serial killer lacked the empathy that was needed to be a normal human being.
Empathetic – adjective - Timmy was empathetic with Jim when Jim struck out to end the game.
Sarah gave Tom an empathetic look as Tom walked morosely away from her house.
Empathetically – adverb - Sarah empathetically hugged Veronica when Veronica’s grandpa died.
The teacher talked empathetically with the class about doing their homework.
Ostentatious – adjective – trying to impress others –
The ostentatious girl wore too much make up to school.
The ostentatious boy wore tight shirts so that he felt buff.
Ostentatiously – adverb - Frank yelled ostentatiously at Sam, trying to look cool in front of his friends. The girl walked ostentatiously holding her new purse so everyone could see it.
Vocab 24
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ment - noun - (result, action, condition) - contentment, amendment
-ness - noun - (state of, quality, degree) - carelessness, uselessness
Authoritative – adjective - having authority; supported by documentary evidence -
Synonyms: accurate, official, valid -
The scholar was considered to have an authoritative opinion. Frank checked out an authoritative book on Shakespeare from the library. The principal is an authoritative figure at school.
Authoritatively – adverb - Jack spoke authoritatively as if he were the leader of the group. The police officer authoritatively surveyed the traffic as it went by.
Relevance – noun – important to the matter at hand - Synonyms: applicable, pertinent, significant -
The example didn’t have any relevance to Timmy’s point and therefore didn’t make any sense. Your evidence should have some relevance with the point you are trying to make.
Relevant – adjective - The boy’s question was not relevant to the class so the teacher refused to answer it. The detective searched for evidence that was relevant to his case.
Infer - verb – to derive by reasoning; to conclude from evidence - verb tenses - infer, infers, inferred, inferring -
Synonyms: assume, interpret, guess -
Timmy inferred that his teacher was in a bad mood because of the tone of his voice. The detective inferred that the murderer was over 6 feet tall based on the crime scene.
Inference – noun - Timmy made an inference that his girlfriend was lying because she acted funny when he asked her where she was after school. Frank’s inference about Sarah was inaccurate because he lacked information.
Evaluate – verb – determine the significance of something - Verb tenses: evaluate, evaluates, evaluated, evaluating - Synonyms: analyze, assess, judge -
Frank’s mother evaluated his homework and decided that he needed to spend more time on it. The scientist likes to evaluate how the plants react to sunlight.
Evaluation – noun - Timmy read his bosses evaluation of his work and decided that he needed to work harder. Frank wrote an evaluation on how his group worked together on the project.
Claim – noun - an assertion of something as a fact -
Synonyms: declare, assert, plea -
He made no claims to originality.
Timmy’s claim was proven wrong by the teacher.
Claim - verb - Verb tenses: claims, claimed, claiming -
Sam claimed that he was faster than Frank. Timmy claims that he met the president on his trip to Washington D.C.
Tom kept claiming that he was related to Albert Einstein.
Synonyms: accurate, official, valid -
The scholar was considered to have an authoritative opinion. Frank checked out an authoritative book on Shakespeare from the library. The principal is an authoritative figure at school.
Authoritatively – adverb - Jack spoke authoritatively as if he were the leader of the group. The police officer authoritatively surveyed the traffic as it went by.
Relevance – noun – important to the matter at hand - Synonyms: applicable, pertinent, significant -
The example didn’t have any relevance to Timmy’s point and therefore didn’t make any sense. Your evidence should have some relevance with the point you are trying to make.
Relevant – adjective - The boy’s question was not relevant to the class so the teacher refused to answer it. The detective searched for evidence that was relevant to his case.
Infer - verb – to derive by reasoning; to conclude from evidence - verb tenses - infer, infers, inferred, inferring -
Synonyms: assume, interpret, guess -
Timmy inferred that his teacher was in a bad mood because of the tone of his voice. The detective inferred that the murderer was over 6 feet tall based on the crime scene.
Inference – noun - Timmy made an inference that his girlfriend was lying because she acted funny when he asked her where she was after school. Frank’s inference about Sarah was inaccurate because he lacked information.
Evaluate – verb – determine the significance of something - Verb tenses: evaluate, evaluates, evaluated, evaluating - Synonyms: analyze, assess, judge -
Frank’s mother evaluated his homework and decided that he needed to spend more time on it. The scientist likes to evaluate how the plants react to sunlight.
Evaluation – noun - Timmy read his bosses evaluation of his work and decided that he needed to work harder. Frank wrote an evaluation on how his group worked together on the project.
Claim – noun - an assertion of something as a fact -
Synonyms: declare, assert, plea -
He made no claims to originality.
Timmy’s claim was proven wrong by the teacher.
Claim - verb - Verb tenses: claims, claimed, claiming -
Sam claimed that he was faster than Frank. Timmy claims that he met the president on his trip to Washington D.C.
Tom kept claiming that he was related to Albert Einstein.
Vocab 25
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ane - (pertaining to) - noun - lane
- adjective - mundane
-ious - adjective - (full of) - copious, inauspicious
Apathy – noun – the absence or suppression of emotion, a lack of interest in things that others find moving or exciting – Synonyms: indifference, insensibility, uncaring - The students’ apathy was deeply disturbing to the teacher. Frank showed his apathy when he threw his work in the trash can.
Apathetic – adjective - Frank had an apathetic attitude toward sports because he was burnt out.
Tom had an apathetic look on his face as his parents chastised him for being suspended.
Apathetically – adverb - Sal apathetically broke up with Veronica in front of all of her friends. Sarah stared apathetically at the principal when he told her she was going to be expelled.
Elaborate – verb – adding details to something or having details in order to expand ideas and develop to perfection - Verb tenses: elaborate, elaborated, elaborates, elaborating - Synonyms: intricate, detailed, enhanced -
Frank elaborated on his example so that his point was clearer. Timmy knows that he needs to elaborate on his speech if he is going to get an A. Sal always elaborates on his stories so that everyone knows what he is talking about.
Elaborate - adjective - Timmy’s story was not very elaborate because he didn’t use very many details. Frank needs to use more elaborate examples in his essay.
Perseverance – noun - steady persistence in a course of action or purpose in spite of difficulties, obstacles, or discouragement –
Synonyms: diligence, determination, endurance -
It takes perseverance in order to be a professional athlete. Tom had to reach deep down in order to find the perseverance to finish the race.
Persevere - verb - Verb tenses: persevere, perseveres, persevered, persevering - Frank persevered over his struggles in Math to get an A. Timmy always seems to persevere when it comes to getting his work done.
Pedantic – adjective - overly concerned with minute details in order to impress others – Synonyms: pompous, egotistical, donnish - The pedantic author made a small allusion to the great break of 1799 that most people didn’t understand. Frank made a pedantic comment about physics in order to impress the Sarah.
Pedantically - adverb - The professor bragged pedantically about his publication in the obscure medical journal that no one had ever heard of. Timmy spoke pedantically to his little sister and she didn’t understand anything he talked about.
Conscious – adjective - fully aware of or sensitive to something – Synonyms: alert, attentive, aware -
Frank was very conscious of his insecurities. Timmy wasn't conscious of the gossip about his past.
Consciously - adverb - Sarah drove consciously in the bumper to bumper traffic in order to avoid an accident. Tom spoke consciously to his parents in order not to get caught in his lie.
Vocab 26
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ent - adjective - (one who is) - different
-eous - adjective - (full of) - plenteous, homogeneous
-scious - adjective - (full of) - conscious, luscious
Garrulous – adjective – very talkative and social – Synonyms: babbling, chatty, glib -
The garrulous girl loved talking on the phone with all of her friends. Sarah’s garrulous attitude always seemed to get her in trouble during class.
Garrulously – adverb - Frank’s mom garrulously held up his coach after the game. Tom acted garrulously at the party talking to anyone who would listen to his story.
Garrulousness – noun - The girl’s garrulousness made her annoying to Timmy. The garrulousness of the group was very distracting to the class.
Grave – adjective – very serious; giving cause for alarm – Synonyms: crucial, dangerous, pressing, severe -
Timmy was in grave danger when his car lost control going around the icy turn. Tom knew there would be grave consequences for breaking Sarah's heart.
Gravely – adverb - The principal walked gravely into the room to give the class the bad news. Frank’s dad talked gravely to Frank about his bad grades.
Gravity – noun - Sarah knew the gravity of the consequences would be bad if she lied to her parents.
Frank’s gravity intimidated the rest of the group.
Genial – adjective – friendly; gracious; kind – Synonyms: jolly, amiable, cheerful -
The genial man was constantly helping out his neighbors.
Frank had a very genial personality that made him easy to talk to.
Genially – adverb - Sarah genially offered the homeless man some food. Tom genially greeted the neighbor next door with a friendly hello.
Extraneous – adjective – unnecessary; irrelevant – Synonyms: unneeded, additional, superfluous -
The boy was always getting in trouble for asking extraneous questions during class. Tom’s extraneous activities interfered with Tom's studies.
Extraneously – adverb - Frank talks extraneously when he gets nervous around girls. Timmy searched extraneously on the internet for gossip news about pop stars.